Born in New York City to a Puerto Rican mother and Haitian father.
He grew up in Brooklyn and became a famous New York-based artist, known for his street paintings or graffiti in child-like style. His street pseudonym was SAMO, and he created a constantly changing vocabulary of symbolic marks and images for his paintings that reflected aspects of his own troubled life.

He attended the alternative High School in New York,on his own he energetically explored a wide range of imagery and influences, ranging from comic books to Egyptian hieroglyphics, from the works of Spanish artist Pablo Picasso to children's art.
Then he collaborated with Al Diaz, a graffiti artist. Throughout the early 1980s, he was an active member of the downtown New York club scene with other artists, musicians, and film makers. Impoverished, he painted on any available surface, doors, boxes, walls, etc. His first one man exhibition, held at the Annina Nosei Gallery, was a tremendous commercial and critical success.The start of Basquiat's swift and emotionally troubling rise to art-world stardom came in 1980, when he was selected by Colab, an artist's cooperative, for their Times Square Show. He painted a large interior wall for the exhibit, using both spray cans and brushes. Basquiat was adored by the wealthy downtown art establishment, which promoted what it believed was primitive genius, though some critics believed he was exploited. New York artists such as Keith Haring and Kenny Sharf, both of whom were keenly interested in integrating so-called street art influences into their work, also admired Basquiat. In 1982, he was the youngest artist invited to participate in Documenta and in 1983 took part in the Whitney Biennial. Between 1982 and 1985, his work dealt with his uncertainties about black and Hispanic identity.

A close associate was with the Italian artist Francesco Clemente on several paintings and Andy Warhol with whom he collaborated on some works and with whom he painted in an atmosphere that was both intense and full of fun and good cheer. Basquiat was much in awe of Warhol's mastery of color and imagery, and Warhol was amazed at the ease with which Basquiat painted. After Warhol's death in 1987, Basquiat became reclusive and less productive.
Basquiat's large, colorful works combine the painting style of American abstract expressionism with diverse imagery. Cartoonish skeletons and dogs abound amid writing and thick swaths of color. His imagery of the early 1980s ranges from the lushly-painted skulls in Untitled (Skull) (1981, Eli and Edythe Broad Collection, Los Angeles, California) to more delicate tributes to sports and jazz heroes—sometimes little more than scrawled names, as in Discography (1983, Galerie Bruno Bischofberger, Zürich, Switzerland).


A major traveling retrospective of Basquiat's work was organized by the Whitney Museum in 1992.

"The only thing the market liked better than a hot young artist was a dead hot young artist, and it got one in Jean-Michel Basquiat, whose working life of about nine years was truncated by a heroin overdose at the age of twenty-seven. His career, both actual and posthumous, appealed to a cluster of toxic vulgarities. First, the racist idea of the black as naif or rhythmic innocent, and of the black artist as "instinctual," someone outside "mainstream" culture and therefore not to be rated in its terms: a wild pet for the recently cultivated collector. Second, a fetish about the freshness of youth, blooming among the discos of the East Side scene. Third, guilt and political correctness, which made curators and collectors nervous about judging the work of any black artist who could be presented as a "victim." Fourth, art-investment mania. And last, the audience's goggling appetite for self-destructive talent: Pollock, Montgomery Clift. All this gunk rolled into a sticky ball around Basquiat's tiny talent and produced a reputation.
"Basquiat's career was incubated by the short-lived graffiti movement, which started on the streets and subway cars in the early 1970s, peaked, fell out of view, began all over again in the 1980s, peaked again, and finally receded, leaving Basquiat and the amusingly facile Keith Haring as its only memorable exponents. Unlike Haring, however, Basquiat never tagged the subways. The son of middle-class Brooklyn parents, he had a precocious success with his paintings from the start. The key was not that they were "primitive," but that they were so arty. Stylistically, they were pastiches of older artists he admired: Cy Twombly, Jean Dubuffet. Having no art training, he never tried to deal with the real world through drawing; he could only scribble and jot, rehearsing his own stereotypes, his pictorial nouns for "face" or "body" over and over again. Consequently, though Basquiat's images look quite vivid and sharp at first sight, and though from time to time he could bring off an intriguing passage of spiky marks or a brisk clash of blaring color, the work quickly settles into the visual monotony of arid overstyling. Its relentless fortissimo is wearisome. Critics made much of Basquiat's use of sources: vagrant code-symbols, quotes from Leonardo or Gray's Anatomy, African bushman art or Egyptian murals. But these were so scattered, so lacking in plastic force or conceptual interest, that they seem mere browsing - homeless representation.
"The claims made for Basquiat were absurd and already seem like period pieces. 'Since slavery and oppression under white supremacy are visible subtexts in Basquiat's work ,' intoned one essayist in the catalog to his posthumous retrospective at the Whitney Museum, 'he is as close to Goya as American painting has ever produced.' Another extolled his 'punishing regime of self-abuse' as part of 'the disciplines imposed by the principle of inverse asceticism to which he was so resolutely committed.' Inverse asceticism, apparently, is PC-speak for addiction. There was much more in, so to speak, this vein. But the effort to promote Basquiat into an all-purpose inflatable martyr-figure, the Little Black Rimbaud of American painting, remains unconvincing." ...

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